Bible Study Seattle

“Therefore God exalted him to the highest place
    and gave him the name that is above every name,
that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow,
    in heaven and on earth and under the earth,
and every tongue acknowledge that Jesus Christ is Lord,
    to the glory of God the Father.”  Philippians 2:9-11

“And I saw a mighty angel proclaiming in a loud voice, “Who is worthy to break the seals and open the scroll?”  But no one in heaven or on earth or under the earth could open the scroll or even look inside it.  I wept and wept because no one was found who was worthy to open the scroll or look inside.”  Revelation 5:2-4

“Then I heard every creature in heaven and on earth and under the earth and on the sea, and all that is in them, saying:”  Revelation 5:13

What is the meaning of ‘under the earth’?  Does this mean ants will bow down to Jesus?  Do spirits live under the surface of the earth?  Is this referring to the dead?  Or is this phrase not about location, but just emphasizing all creatures?  Time will tell.